List of Umayyad Governors of Al-Andalus. (711–756 CE) The dependent Emirate under the Umayyad Caliphate. Musa ibn Nusair was the Umayyad governor of North Africa, and he sent an army under Tariq ibn Ziyad in the late spring of 711 to the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). After the conquest, …
The Mughal Empire Comprised 20 Emperors from the rise of Zahir ud-Din Muhammad Babur in 1526 CE to the fall of the Bahadur Shah Zafar in 1857 CE in the War of Independence. Here is the complete list of Mughal Emperors in order, along with their reigns and names: List …
The Ottoman dynasty consisted of 36 sultans, from the rise of Osman Ghazi in 1299 CE to the fall of Mehmed VI in 1922 CE. Here is the complete list of Ottoman sultans in order, along with their names and reigns: Chronological List of Ottoman Sultans All Ottoman Sultans: Key …
Here is a Complete chronological list of Umayyad Caliphs, spanning from the rise of Muawiya I in 661 CE to the fall of Marwan II, the last caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty, in 750 CE. List of Umayyad Caliphs: (Name and Reign Only) The total number of Umayyad caliphs was …
Here is the complete list of Abbasid caliphs whose reigns shaped the destiny of the Islamic world. This list of Abbasid caliphs in order covers the names and reigns of all 37 caliphs, from the dynasty’s inception with Abu al-Abbas as-Saffah, the first Abbasid Caliph in 750 CE to its …
Faith plays a pivotal role in shaping human identity, guiding our actions, and providing purpose. In Islam and other theological discussions, the terms deen and religion come up often. In everyday language, people may use “deen” and “religion” interchangeably, thinking they mean the same thing. However, in Islamic teachings, deen …
The Mughal women were not mere ornaments or passive observers; they were active participants in the empire’s politics, culture, and society.” Ruby Lal The Mughal Empire, one of the most powerful empires in Indian history, ruled over the Indian subcontinent for nearly 300 years, from 1526 to 1857. At its …
Muslim Spain, known historically as Al-Andalus (الاندلس), refers to the territories of the Iberian Peninsula under Islamic rule from the early 8th century until the fall of Granada in 1492. The Muslim conquest began in 711 CE when Tariq ibn Ziyad led an army across the Strait of Gibraltar and …
The Islamic Golden Age was ‘one of the greatest periods of intellectual and cultural growth in human history. Will Durant (The Story of Civilization, 1935) The Golden Age of Islam, or Islamic Golden Age, refers to a period from the 8th to 14th centuries when Islamic civilization flourished in fields …
Without the Abbasid Translation Movement, much of the scientific, medical, and philosophical knowledge of the ancient world would have been lost to time. — George Saliba. The Abbasid Translation Movement refers to an intellectual initiative where scholars translated a vast body of Greek, Persian, Indian, and other foreign knowledge into …